www.biblemysteries.com/lectures/egypt.htm "For the fixing in time of the {Egyptian Middle Kingdom} and the periods preceding it, the key date is the seventh year of the reign of King Sesostris III of the Twelfth Dynasty. In this year, a helical rising of the star Sothis (our Sirius) was recorded on 16. VIII of the 365-day civil calendar, a fact which, thanks to the regular displacement of this calendar, in relation to the true astronomical year, allows the year in question to be placed between 1876 and 1864 BC, with every probability favoring 1872 BC."
-- 2777 - 1872 = 905; 905/4 = 226.25 days backwards from July 16 Julian. Egyptian months were 30 days, with 5 days a year added at the end. 7 X 30 + 16 days = 16th of the eighth month and the appearing of Sirius just before dawn. The new year December 2, 1872 BC. The date of the appearing of Sirius varies one day because Sirius is a binary star of a 50.9 year orbit of 15 arc seconds.
However, the Egyptian sothis cycle began again in 2737 BC not 2777 BC = 40 years more recent.
Here is the statement. It is part of a papyrus inscription found at Kahun, Egypt, and was written to a priest:
"You ought to know that the rising of Sothis takes place on the 16th of the 8th month. Announce it to the priests of the town of Sekhem-Usertasen and of Anubis on the mountain and of Suchos . . And have this letter filed in the temple records."
"most scholars calibrate Old Testament events and the history of other ancient cultures by Egyptian dates"
The first is provided by papyrus fragments "found at el-Lahun, dated to year 7 of an unnamed pharaoh, but reasonably attributed to Senusret III on paleographic grounds. This document does not give the beginning of a Sothic cycle, but a calendar date for the rising of Sirius, which can be retrocalculated as 1872 BC if the sighting of Sirius was made in the Memphis-Lahun region. If, however, the sighting was made at the lower latitude of Elephantine, as Rolf Krauss has recently advocated, the date would be reduced to 1830 BC."
The only other Sothic date comes from the Ebers Papyrus for year 9 of Amenhotep I. There is a problem with this one, though, since while the "emergence of Sothis" is referred to in the text, no calendar day is specified. Thanks to the Roman historian Censorinus, we know that the civil New Year's Day and the heliacal rising of Sothis coincided in 139 AD. Only thanks to the Bible we know the Exodus was the end of the Egyptian Sothis cycle in 1281 BC and the next cycle began 179 AD not 139 AD = 40 years more recent.
According to the famed Egyptologist J. H. Breasted, the earliest date known in the Egyptian Sothis calendar corresponds to July 16 4236 BC. The earliest the Egyptians could see Sirius is July 14 judging by how far above the horizon Sirius would be. They probably saw Sirius a day or two later. The Egyptians simply had 365 days a year and let their calendar back up one day ever four years. When the calendar had backed up full circle, Sirius first appeared before dawn and it was July 16 again 2737 BC and 1281 BC. 365/4 = 1460 Egyptian years, 1459 total years. Should be 1456 years from 2737 BC to the Exodus and end of calendar in 1281 BC.
Sirius first appeared before dawn on the next Sothis cycle not July 17, 1320 BC but July 17, 1281 BC. Not 2777 BC - 1320 BC = 1457 years. But 2737 BC - 1281 BC = 1456 years. 1456 Egyptian years because the 360° backed up calendar is one Egyptian year. The Nile River began to flood at the time of the July 16 or July 17 Julian date according to measurements taken in the early 1900's before the Aswan dam. Then the appearing of Sirius before dawn was a signal for the Egyptians to head for higher ground.
Gen 5:1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him; |
From the Septuagint: Genesis 5:1 "This is the genealogy of man the day in which God made Adam; in the image of God he made him: |
I am not the first to suggest these are Sothis dates, nor the first to suggest an earlier Sothis cycle from about 5657 BC; 40 years more recent than 5695 BC. See Egyptian Science. Sirius rose at 4 AM about July 16, 5656 BC. This compared to the 4198 BC to 1281 BC period when Sirius first appeared before dawn also on July 16 in Egypt. The Sothis calendar worked exactly because of the affect of precession working with the 365.2422 day year. In 1000 years that is 365242 days, 8 days less than 365250. Thus the sothis calendar falls behind the tropical calendar one day every 125 years, yet Sirius still first just appeared before the sun July 16. The Egyptians may have attempted a Sothis calendar before 4198 BC in about 5656 BC. However, the calendar may not have backed up to the first appearing of Sirius July 16, 4198 BC in exactly 1460 years.
The Bible begins with the Armenian Sothis calendar. The first cycle may have had four extra years owing to a one day change in 1460 years, so in 1464 years. Such as from 5371 BC to 3907 BC = 1464 years.
Sirius still first appeared before dawn 4 AM going back as far as July 16, 4712 BC the furthest back the Julian Calendar and thus astronomy programs go.
In the Garden of Paradise, beneath the Tree of Knowledge, bloomed a rose bush. Here, in the first rose, a bird was born. His flight was like the flashing of light, his plumage was beauteous, and his song ravishing. But when Eve plucked the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, when she and Adam were driven from Paradise, there fell from the flaming sword of the cherub a spark into the nest of the bird, which blazed up forthwith. The bird perished in the flames; but from the red egg in the nest there fluttered aloft a new one- the one solitary Phoenix bird. The fable tells that he dwells in Arabia, and that every hundred years, he burns himself to death in his nest; but each time a new Phoenix, the only one in the world, rises up from the red egg.
If the fall of Adam and Eve was marked by a sun miracle, the sun miracle may have been about 4500 BC; Adam born in Armenian sothis year 700 = 4668 BC. See From Adam. Genesis 5 may describe an earlier Sothis cycle from about 5700 BC. Adam was born in year 800, perhaps Sothis year 800. However, 800 may represent the duodecimal system, a 12 base number system instead of our 10 base number system. Thus 800 may be 8 X 12 X 12. Languages in the Nigerian Middle Belt such as Janji, Kahugu, the Nimbia dialect of Gwandara, Mahl language of Minicoy and the Chepang language of Nepal are known to use duodecimal numerals.
This could explain seven generations from Adam - if generations were 85 years as is consistent with the patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, this could be so. Enoch was in Sothis year 300 to Sothis year 365. Likewise counting the ages back from Enoch in 300 Sothis, 3936 BC: Jared 162 + Mahalaleel 65 + Cainan 70 + Enos 90 + Seth 105 + Adam 130 = 4558 BC = Adam's birth. From the Book of Jubilees, Adam in Armenian sothis year 700, in 4668 BC, lines up with all jubilee dates. With a generation of 30 years, this adds up to about 144 generations from Adam to Jesus.
Thus Adam's birth must be 4668 BC, 4700 years before Christ was crucified April 3, 33 AD.
Adam at 4668 BC 700 years from the beginning of the first sothis cycle about 5368 BC = 5400 years to Jesus' crucifixion April 3, 33 AD. Probably the Sothis cycle began rather July 15 meaning there was one more day, four more years back from 5367 BC to 5371 BC.
365 days in duodecimal are 144 + 144 + (6 X 12) + 5. 10 X 12 X 12 duodecimal years is 1440 years just 20 short of a sothis cycle of about 1460 years. And is 5 days short, 5 X 4 = 20, equaling 360 days. This is a perfect fit, for the Egyptian Sothis calendar has 360 days with 5 days left over. Also the three seasons of 120 days would be written in duodecimal A0 days, 10 is A, 11 is B, and 12 is 10. They had 12 weeks of 10 days to a season.
Genesis 5:31 "And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred seventy and seven years: and he died."
Year 969 less 182 years = 777 years perhaps Sothis year 595 = 3312 BC.
Then Adam must have been born in 4668 BC and the Sothis cycle began July 17 5371 BC and ended an additional day later July 16, 3907 BC, a 1464 year period. Then Adam's birth lines up with Jesus' crucifixion and Eden with Jesus' doctrine. Then from the beginning from Adam marriage was for life as Jesus said:
Matthew 19:8 "He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so.
9 And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except it be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery."
Methusaleh lived to year 969, noteable because it is the biggest number and is 12,000 lunar months to the day.
Perhaps counting from Adam's birth 4668 BC - 969 years = 3700 BC = Methuselah in year 969, not age 969. Likewise Adam died in year 930 in age 230 years not age 930 years.
Genesis 7:6 "And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters was upon the earth."
Perhaps refers to the 600th year of the Sothis period starting 3907 BC, then the 600th year to 3307 BC. The seven day week was passed on to us from that time without interruption. So the new year had backed up 600/4 days, 150 days, February 16, the new year, the 600th Egyptian year from July 16, 3907. The calendar had backed up 150 days from July 16 to the new year February 16.
From the Book of Jubilees, Noah in the 27th jubile fifth week sixth year = 27 X 49 + 5 X 7 + 6 from Adam in year 4671 BC = 3307 BC = 3300 years to Jesus' birth about September 12, 7 BC.
Perhaps Shem was born in the Sothis year 500 being 100 in the Sothis year 600, 3307 BC, the year of the flood.
Genesis 11:32 "And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah died in Haran."
Thus, from Armenian sothis 5371 BC to Armenian sothis 3907 BC. And now Egyptian sothis 2737 BC - 205 years = Terah died in 2532 BC.
Abraham was 75 when Terah died in 2532 BC, thus born in 2607 BC = 2600 years before Jesus was born about September 12, 7 BC.
Sodom and Gomorrah reestablished their trade with Ebla as recorded in the Ebla tablets that have been dated to about 2500 BC. Thus Sodom was destroyed in 2508 BC one year before Isaac was born in 2507 BC.
Genesis 13:10 "And Lot lifted up his eyes, and beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered every where."
"Long Drought Climate records show rainfall dried up in the Middle East around 2200 B.C."
The Bible is both a genealogy and a chronology.
Genesis 37:9 "And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me."
When the sun stood still in China Yao sent an archer to shoot at the sun and upon the ninth arrow the sun moved and the people made Yao emperor 2315 BC.
There were seven years of plenty then seven years of famine.
Genesis 41:54 "And the seven years of dearth began to come, according as Joseph had said: and the dearth was in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread."
Genesis 47:18 "When that year was ended, they came unto him the second year,"
The sojourn into Egypt may have begun after one year of famine, April 1, 2307 BC. Then the first year of plenty must have been 2315 BC when Joseph was made governor over Egypt possibly accompanied by the sun miracle of Yao March 31, 2315 BC and confirming the Chinese common chronology from Yao in 2315 BC.
Gilgamesh IV, 2300 BC, also writes of the 7 years of plenty and the bull of heaven being speared as depicted in Senmut's celestial ceiling. Jacob blessed Joseph's sons: Genesis 48:16b "and let them grow as fishes do increase in the midst of the earth." There was an abundance of fish in the Nile River 2300 BC when the constellation Pisces (fish) was named in Egypt. There are 1026 years = 40 generations, from the sojourn in 2307 BC to the Exodus out of Egypt in 1281 BC.
Exodus 12:2 "This month shall be the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you."
Exodus 12:40 "Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.
12:41 And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt."
The Hebrew word/letter Bet is thought to originally mean from instead of for. Thirty can also mean thirtieth. Then "was four hundred and thirty years." may have been intended to mean "from the four hundred and thirtieth year." perhaps of this Great Era July 16, 2737 BC:
Acts 7:23 "And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel."
This must have been 1321 BC when Moses was 40. Then the Exodus when the Sothis period ended in 1281 BC and a new 1460 year Sothis period began. Thus he may have thought this new era was a sign to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt.
Acts 7:30 "And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him (Moses) in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush."
Moses in Egypt 40 years later was 80 at the time of the Exodus. Pharaoh must have drowned in the Red Sea. Pharaoh Merneptah must have died in this 1281 BC.
The 14th day, the passover, be Friday, March 30, 1281 BC.
Exodus 12:6a "And ye shall keep it up to the 14th day of the same month.."
The same day of the year - April 1, 2307 BC year 430 = 430 / 4 = 107 days back from new year July 16 = April 1, 2307 BC; the same 14th day of the lunar month and the same day of the week - Friday, and may be the "selfsame day" that Jacob entered Egypt, April 1, 2307 BC. The same 107 days back from the appearing of Sirius July 16, 2307 BC and 107 days from the appearing of Sirius July 17, 1281 BC - to the Egyptians the selfsame day Friday March 30, 1281 BC.
"Unlike most people who used a lunar calendar, the Egyptians began their day with sunrise instead of sunset because they began their month, and consequently their day, by the disappearance of the old Moon just before dawn."
The Israelites began their day at sunset and began their month on the first appearing of the new moon at sunset before going into Egypt and after leaving Egypt:
Genesis 1:5b "And the evening and the morning were the first day."
Psalm 81:3 "Blow up the trumpet in the new moon, in the time appointed, on our solemn feast day."
So both the April 1, 2307 BC and the March 30, 1281 BC date appear Egyptian. The Israelites appear to have begun the day and the lunar month at evening of the Exodus.
Ramses II 52nd year was dated by the 28th day of the moon December 20 1228 BC = 20-XII-1228 B.C. (year 52 II prt 28). The fixed 30 day months began July 22 and Dec 20 began a new month on the 28th day of the moon. "Re raises the vault the first day in the second period of peret (prt). That must be 21st December"
However, December 20 1304 BC is also the 28th day of the moon. (More accurately December 18 is the 28th day of the Egyptian moon and the beginning of the II peret) 1281 BC (Exodus) - 1205 BC (Merneptah drowned) = 76 year gap. Then 76 + 1281 BC = 1357 BC and Ramses II's 52nd year may be 1306 BC (1300 years before Jesus' birth in 7 BC). Thus the pharaoh of the Exodus must be Merneptah and the Exodus be in 1281 BC when Merneptah drowned in the Reed Sea. Then this is also a Sothis date because the beginning of II peret is counted from 5 days after the Sothis day July 16. Ramses reigned 66 years. Thus the pharaoh of Exodus must be Merneptah who reigned 10 years:
Exodus 2:23 "And it came to pass in the process of time, that the king of Egypt died: and the children of Israel sighed by reason of the bondage, and they cried, and their cry came up unto God by reason of the bondage.
2:24 And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.
2:25 And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them."
Thus, this be 1281 BC ten years after Ramses II died.
Judges 11:26 "While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? Why therefore did ye not recover them within that time?"
Changes were made. The Exodus was in 1281 BC Joshua's conquest in 1241 BC and Judges ended with King Saul in 1124 BC.
1 Kings 6:1 "And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month Zif, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD."
The Hebrew word for year, shanah, also means double. Then 480 doubled years is 240 years. The Septuagint states 440 years = a clue the original was 240 years. 1281 BC - 240 = 1041 BC Solomon's fourth year from the jubile in 1044 BC. The Pharaoh Psusennes I, 1040 BC, favoured his daughter just as this Pharaoh who gave Gezer as a present to his daughter - 1 Kings 9:16. Then the Exodus must have been Friday, March 30, 1281 BC.
Then you can see these Sirius dates are really serious dates!
The sothis calendar dating from the appearing of Sirius before dawn July 16.
s@sunnyokanagan.com Andrew Bennett
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